Strategic Marketing And Marketing Strategy -Myassignmenthelp.Com

Question: Discuss About The Strategic Marketing And Marketing Strategy? Answer: Introduction Globalisation and competition has increased tremendously with advancement in internet technologies. Rise in pollution and awareness regarding environmental concerns has led corporations raise concerns regarding sustainable practices for their organisations. Marketing is core functionality of businesses that attracts customers and generates revenues(Kotler P. a., 2010). Revenues allows businesses to function profitability and cater to their shareholders. The scope of the current report discuses resources, environmental practices of CSL Ltd in Australia. Products, services, suppliers and customers of the Company with its pricing, promotions, distribution strategies and so on. Marketing includes a varied range activities with actual analysis product, price, method of distribution for the products of the Company. Marketing encompasses a varied range of services, which in case modulated can generate immense impact on the Company(Varadarajan, 2010). Marketing makes use of several technique s including 4P analysis for devising a marketing mix best suited to enhance sustainability for marketing efforts. There are several pharmaceutical companies in Australia including Australian Pharmaceutical Industries, Alphapharm, Sigma Pharmaceuticals, Prima Biomed, Solagran, Chemeq, Biota Holdings and other constitute primary competitors for CSL. CSL thus, needs to device its marketing strategies while analysing its competitors strengths and weaknesses. This will provide competitive strength to the Company to extend its core competencies(Hollensen, 2015). Company Introduction CSL Limited is an Australian based global speciality biotechnology company. It was founded in the year 1916 by the Federal government of Australia and later privatized in the year 1994. It headquarters are currently based in Parkville, Melbourne, Victoria and its current CEO is Paul Perreault(CSL, Retrieved on 22nd September 2017). It focuses on developing, manufacturing and marketing of products which are specialized in treatment of serious medical conditions amongst humans. Its primary product areas are vaccines, blood plasma derivatives, cell culture reagent, derivative vaccines along with various other genetic and medical research manufacturing with applications. Current revenues of the Company is USD 7.10 billion and net income is USD 1,899 million. Its website is www.csl.com.au. The Company has presence in USA, Germany, UK, Australia along with various other countries around the world. Figure 1: Company Logo Source: (www.livetradingnews.com, Retrieved on 23rd September 2017) Marketing Strategies Marketing strategies are devised by companies such that they can cater to marketing needs and customer awareness towards the Company. CSL is a large Company that caters to global base of patients dealing in exclusive range of products and services(Kotler P. B., 2015). Marketing procedure followed by the Company is transparent in nature as it provides sufficient information regarding products of the Company. All efforts and endeavors made by CSL conform to corporate social responsibility standards that is adopted by the Company. It aims to create all efforts in a sustainable and environmentally friendly manner that allows gradual growth for its businesses. Figure 2: CSL Company Extent Source: (www.slideshare.net, Retrieved on 23rd September 2017) Marketing strategies for the Company includes a wide range of aspects as public relations, customer marketing, social media marketing and so on. It encompasses all marketing activities that are short-term as well as long-term oriented. Product information are easily accessible and available across to range of customers and professionals, who are involved in health care sector(Mullins, Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach., 2012). Further analysis regarding its marketing strategies for sustaining profitability can be understood by using 4Ps of marketing. Figure 3: Marketing Mix 4P's Source: (www.dreamstime.com, Retriveed on 23rd September 2017) Product CSL manufactures various products for the markets that it caters to around the world. Its research and development strategy is focused on creating unique product creation that can attract a sizable population. Products of the Company includes insulin for treating diabetic related conditions in Australian markets, tetanus vaccines, various other vaccines and other drugs along with medicines(Goi, 2009). With privatization of the Company in 2000, it took over Swiss plasma company, ZLB Bioplasma AG, which further helped to extend its research and developmental facility. Its products are manufactured within several divisions as vaccines, antivenoms, pharmaceutical drugs and so on. The products are designed in an environmentally friendly manner that adheres to industry specific norms. The Company products are manufactured in Australian plant for its supply in the country and has high quality norms. Products of the Company has received minimum criticisms to conformance to quality and enviro nmental sustainability norms(Alon, 2012). It products have been able to provide tremendous sustainability to the Company as it conforms to several environmental regulations as being sourced from natural sources unlike other chemicals and drug companies. Its suppliers of raw materials needs to adhere to stringent quality norms that are extended by the Company such that the ultimate products conforms to standards. Price The Company has adopted competitive pricing for its various products. Such competitive based pricing methodology has allowed the Company develop significant market share and attract sizable amount of customers(Mooradian, 2012). However, heavy reliance on research and development has led to tremendous high costs for the Company which has reduced its profitability. As the Company was an initiative from the Federal Government of Australia, its Board members still maintain integrity in respect to its products. Various well researched products are developed due to their high demands in the market hence are often provided in the market at considerably less prices to increase their affordability(Aaker, 2008). This has created a reliance on their brand name rendering sustainability for the business of the Company. Distribution The place based strategy for the Company incorporates the ways it uses to distribute its various products in the market. The Company having a long-term establishment distributes its products through its existent lines of distributions(Ferrell, 2012). It has tie-up with several distributors and medicinal stores, which distributes its products across the healthcare market. Its distribution strategy is well interlinked and marketing professionals of the Company work together with distributors for refurbishing any products that might be exhausted form stores or healthcare units. Its distribution channel is integral to its success, which always maintains adequate stocks for the Company products. Its long-term existence and sustenance is due to its competitive distribution strategy and the exclusive relation that it maintains with its distributors(Proctor, 2014). Though distributor commission is comparatively low compared to its peers, but its steady relation and value based marketing tech niques that it establishes allows its competitive strength along with sustainability. Distributors like to be associated with its brand name due to high quality products and its capabilities to maintain relations. The Company is however still using traditional packaging methods and technology that does not yet conforms to sustainability norms. The Company is however present in relatively insignificant manner in suburbs of Australia. Though it has earlier developed various programs for Indigenous people but currently its focus remains relatively diverted from penetration marketing as it incurs comparatively higher costs.. Promotion Promotional strategy is an integral aspect of marketing that helps in development and creation of a brand name. CSL enjoys a leading share in the market in Australia overtaking Baxter, Grifols and other competitors(Peter, 2011). Though there is significant competition in the market, its quality products and long-term brand name allows it to have tremendous competitive advantage compared to rest of the companies. The Company being financed initially by Federal government enjoys significant financial strengths that has rendered it capabilities in research and developmental activities. Hence, its primary promotional activities is centered around marketing for its various research projects(Zinkan, 2012). Though it also advertises regarding its multiple drugs and vaccines in the market yet its marketing endeavors are focused on its various researches and value addition that it does in the field of medical sciences. Table 1: Market Share of Pharma Companies, Australia Source: (Investor.com.au, Retreived on 22nd September 2017) The Company incorporates a variety of promotional activities including brand marketing by way of public relation development, social media marketing, advertising in traditional methods including televisions, radio, putting up hoardings and so on(Mullins, Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach., 2012). All promotional activities of the Company are done in a constant manner in order that the brand identity is maintained. The Company includes immense importance towards creation of brand name and identity for long-term engagement with its customers and professionals in health care sector. Comparison Marketing Mix 4Ps While CSL maintains tremendous amounts of sustainable norms in the industry other competitors are unable to compete with the tremendous potential of CSL. Marketing strategies that are adopted by the Company are relatively lower compared to its competitors strengths marketing strategies(Mihart, 2012). Comparing marketing mix of four Ps of the Company with that of its competitors reveal the following comparisons; Product: Products of the Company are relatively higher in quality compared to its competitors. Further, competition analysis reveals that the Company being relatively higher on research and developmental activates provides newer products to its market as against its competitors that barely provide new products. Primary competency of pharmaceutical companies are created by way of new product development and researching with drug types. Product development further allows companies to grow in their market share comparative to other companies that are present in the industry(Gummesson, 2011). Higher share prices and liquidity of the Companys share reflects, customer engagement and high brand recognition of the Company compared to its peers. Price: Prices of the Companys product is affordable compared to its peers in the market. Such prices further allow the Company to create a much larger market share, however it is suffering with lower profitability. While competitors charges relatively higher prices for drugs that are exclusive in the market, this company is barely concentrated on making profits from such endeavors. Though this allows relatively low profitability share but it has created greater demand for the products of the Company. Prices of some its vaccines as well as medicines that have been already had mass production in the market, are lower compared to its competitors(Perreault Jr, 2013). Place: The distribution of the products of CSL is done through traditional forms of distribution and it has not improvised its supply chain network since a long period of time. Competitors on the other hand have effectively enhanced their distribution network to provide greater competency and increased profitability. Various competitors has opted for forward as well as backward integration for their products that has created sustainability for business and helped it spread. CSL is lagging behind in this endeavor, which is impacting its business in the long run. Promotion: Brand name is created and retained through multifarious promotional techniques, which are adopted by several pharmaceutical companies. When comparing promotional strategies of CSL compared to its competitors it can be said that the Company conducts relatively less amounts of promotions compared to its peers. Competitors in the industry are adopting events and other programs for attracting healthcare professionals and also direct patients to their company by building greater brand recognition. Promotional strategy of CSL highly differs as they primarily promote through their distributor channels which sell their products. Further they have marketing personnel, who directly interact with professionals in healthcare as doctors, nurses and other staffs for promoting their products. CSL has been following this marketing strategic techniques for years whereas newer companies are adopting technologies along with other methods for their promotions. CSL lags behind in their marketi ng efforts, their marketing budgets is also comparatively lower compared to their peers and competitors. Recommendations Analysis of marketing strategy of CSL reflects that the Company is competitive compared to its peers or competitors within the industry. The Company has been able to extend its core competency in the market to cover its scope with divergent range of healthcare professionals as well as patient group. While client profile for the Company remaining divergent, it often needs to include multiple marketing tactics at similar point in time for advancing its competitive advantage in the market. However, the Company is still lagging behind in revenue share due to high amounts of investment into research and developmental activities. The below mentioned recommendations will allow the Company to extend its core competency and remain in leading position in Australian markets. CSL needs to encompass more generic products in its product basket to appeal to large number of health care professional and patients. With having immense focus on its research and developmental activities, the brand hardly focuses on existing generic drugs. In case the Company is able to cater to developing its existing range of drugs in a more sustainable manner, then it will be able to create a larger market share with dominance in all product categories. The Company needs to adopt varying price strategies for its varied products as newly researched products can have premium pricing whereas generic drugs can have base rate pricing methods. This will help create more customer demands and attract larger bases of customers. With an initiative towards its vision statement for creating a healthier society, the brand believes in sustainable growth with environmental conformations. The Company does not charges highly for its newly launched medicines or vaccines, which has hampered its capability to make abnormal profits in short term. Distribution strategy followed by the Company is supply chain that are comparable with its peers. The Company needs to create a value chain supply chain strategy for itself by supplying products with its own channels of distributions. The Company has tremendous financial capabilities to establish synergies. It can opt for backward and forward integration of its business, will allow greater retention of profits. The Company can develop strategies extensively in regards to environmental norms. Its newly accommodated Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) norms allows it to be a leader in biotherapy markets. Its CSR has been totality integrated in Company strategies which further provides adherence to environmental standards into its sustainability norms.; Reference Lists Aaker, D. K. 2008. Marketing research. John Wiley Sons. Alon, I. a. 2012. Global marketing. Mcgraw Hill Higher Educat. CSL. (Retrieved on 22nd September 2017). Company Profile. https://www.csl.com.au/about. Ferrell, O. a. 2012. Marketing strategy, text and cases. Nelson Education. Goi, C. 2009. A review of marketing mix: 4Ps or more?. . International journal of marketing studies, 1(1), 2. Gummesson, E. 2011. Total relationship marketing. Routledge. Hollensen, S. 2015. Marketing management: A relationship approach. Pearson Education. Investor.com.au, I. (Retreived on 22nd September 2017). Pharma Companies Market Share Australia. https://www.intelligentinvestor.com.au/csl-australias-best-resource-stock-part-2-0. Kotler, P. a. 2010. Principles of marketing. pearson education. Kotler, P. B. 2015. Marketing. Pearson Higher Education AU. Mihart, C. 2012. Impact of integrated marketing communication on consumer behaviour: effects on consumer decisionmaking process. . International Journal of Marketing Studies, 121. Mooradian, T. A. 2012. Strategic marketing. Pearson Prentice Hall. Mullins, J. W. 2012. Marketing management: A strategic decision-making approach. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Perreault Jr, W. C. 2013. Basic marketing. McGraw-Hill Higher Education. Peter, J. P. 2011. Marketing management: knowledge and skills: text, analysis, cases, plans. Proctor, T. 2014. Strategic marketing: an introduction. Routledge. Varadarajan, R. 2010. Strategic marketing and marketing strategy: domain, definition, fundamental issues and foundational premises. Journal of the Academy of Marketing Science, 119-140. www.dreamstime.com. (Retriveed on 23rd September 2017). Marketing Mix. https://www.dreamstime.com/stock-photo-marketing-mix-illustration-white-background-image31768060#. www.livetradingnews.com. (Retrieved on 23rd September 2017). Company Logo. https://www.livetradingnews.com/csl-limited-asxcsl-heffx-highlights-44410.html#.WcXQ7_MjHIU. www.slideshare.net. (Retrieved on 23rd September 2017). CSL Company Extent. https://www.slideshare.net/IanTaylor50/arna-andrews-csl-limited-vienna-april-2016. Zinkan, G. e. 2012. Advertising research: The internet, consumer behavior, and strategy. . Marketing Classics Press.

Sample Paragraph Essay - Elementary School Students Can Write Their Own College Application Essay

Sample Paragraph Essay - Elementary School Students Can Write Their Own College Application EssayWith a sample paragraph essay, it is easy to be handed something with very little effort. These worksheets are available for both high school and elementary school students.These worksheets can be found in every market where they sell merchandise. You can find them online at various sites. All you have to do is pick the one that you think will best suit your needs. The samples vary in length, topics, word length, topic, spelling, grammar, and much more.These worksheets include grammatical and sentence structure guidelines. The essays are not free-hand, but are rather created using simple sentences. It is also possible to find an essay through a sentence that is found on the internet. It is important to know that each worksheet is different.Students that going to college will write a college application essay. These are going to show you how to use this worksheet in your college essay. Thi s worksheet is great for when you are writing a college application essay. It is not as easy as it seems though.As you look over your college application essay, you are going to learn that you do not have to be perfect when writing an essay. You do not have to know all of the correct grammar and sentence structure to make your college application essay sound good.When writing a college application essay, do not worry if you make mistakes. You are only responsible for your essay; and by finding your errors and correcting them, you can give yourself a leg up on the other writers.Sample paragraph essays are great for anyone that wants to write an essay. They will let you know that you do not have to be perfect and that your essay can still be good.

Gods Judgement and The Great Gatsby Essay Example

Gods Judgement and The Great Gatsby Essay The Great Gatsby, by F. Scott Fitzgerald talks about selfishness of others and judgment of God.Gatsby, also known as our protagonist, is a guy who sets his life around one desire. The thing that he desires the most is to be reunited with Daisy Buchanan, a women he feel in love with many years ago. Although this might seem romantic, unfortunately Daisy has a husband, Tom Buchanan, known as our antagonist. Tom is wealthy, yet a very despicable man. The Main conflict is really Tom and his actions. Tom has a conflict with everyone in the book because he issuch a cynical and aggressive man. His biggest conflict is with Gatsby. Tom is very selfish and does not have the desire to change his self or his attitude. Along with Toms selfishness is the judgment of God. The author uses Doctor T.J. Eckleburg to represent something much more than just a billboard. He symbolizes Doctor T.J. Eckleburg as the Frowning eyes of God. Toms selfishness,leads to Mr. Wilson downfall. In chapter eight Nick talks about Mr. Wilson whom starts to become more aware of Myrtle and her affair.Nick specificallycontrast Tom Buchanan (who is not capable of feeling any type of emotion),with George who is devastated and overpowered by his own emotions. Wilson, who was grieving told nick that he had began to suspect his wife of having an affair. He had found a a very pricey dog collar in her room (from Tom) and a big bruise on her face one day (again from Tom). Wilson came to the closure that whomever was driving the vehicle was possibly the man having an affair with Myrtle. All the things that he found in Myrtles room was purchased or made by Tom. If Tom never had an affair with Myrtle, she would most likely have a nice caring/ loving relationship with Mr. Wilson. Tom was too arrogant and too self-centered to care about another mans feelings. He honestly did not care that he was sleeping with a married woman and he did not care t hat she happened to be marri We will write a custom essay sample on Gods Judgement and The Great Gatsby specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Gods Judgement and The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Gods Judgement and The Great Gatsby specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer

Prohibition and Crime in the 1920s essays

Prohibition and Crime in the 1920s essays "Section 1. After one year from the ratification of this article the manufacture, sale, or transportation of intoxicating liquors within, the importation thereof into, or the exportation thereof from the United States and all territory subject to the jurisdiction thereof for beverage purposes is hereby prohibited" (Eighteenth Amendment). On January 16, 1920, this amendment to the Constitution of the United States came into effect and pronounced a ban on all alcoholic beverages changing the lifestyles of many people in the United States for the next 13 years. This law aimed to achieve nationwide abstinence towards alcohol consumption, which in turn would supposedly reduce crime, poverty, death rates, and thus end up improving both the economy and the quality of life for all Americans. "National prohibition of alcohol the 'noble experiment' was undertaken to reduce crime and corruption, solve social problems, reduce the tax burden created by prisons and poorhouses, and improve h ealth and hygiene in America" (Thorton, 1). This short-lived 'noble experiment' caused more problems for the United States than it attempted to solve. People of all income ranges found themselves being denied the substance that brought temporary relief from one's problems and quenched others' thirsts. Crime rates skyrocketed to unseen levels in the 1920s. In addition, alcohol consumption even increased for a short period in the United States during the Prohibition. The ratification of the 18th amendment to the Constitution, also known as Prohibition, was largely responsible for the increase in crime during the 1920s especially through the introduction of speakeasies, bootleggers, and increased organized crime activity. Speakeasies were popular joints to obtain "booze" during "the Roaring Twenties" (Boorstin et al.). Masses of law-abiding citizens began taking a ride on the illegal side by visiting these underground beer havens. The new age o...

Business Research Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Business Research - Case Study Example The second deliverable is data discussion where the outside researcher will work through the data with Joe. This is to provide the initial analysis of the research findings and also aims at instigating debate on the result and get input from Joe on areas where he feels that more analysis would uncover new insight. The final deliverable expected from the outside researcher is a short report that indicates the key findings of the research. The first stage involves defining the research purpose. This is usually developed as a result of recognizing and understanding a problem in a market (Zikmund, 2012). A problem comes as a result of realizing the gap between the expected and the reality, or a difference between objectives and results achieved. The purpose of a research is usually related to the analysis of the business problem, opportunities available, and other factors that can affect the business. In this case, the purpose of the research is to find out the best market to start a new coffee shop. The second stage is coming up with the research objective. This is looking at a specific statement about required information. This breaks down the research problem into a more specific and understandable manner. A research objective has three main parts that include the research question. Research question is the information needed according to the purpose. The final part of the research objective is coming up with the scope or limitations of the research. This makes sure that the research is well focused so that a meaningful and well targeted research is conducted. Some of the limitations expected by Joe can include time limitation. The third step involves estimating the value of the research information. This analyzes if the research is worth and evaluates the amount of money that can be spent in conducting the research. Information from this research involves the investment decision

Financial Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 1

Financial Report - Essay Example The objectives of this financial report comparison of the two companies are to enable us to find out the performance of each of the two companies in their markets of operations. This will be done through the comparison and interpretation of financial ratios, which will inform the decisions as to whether in the company an employee can be rewarded, decisions of borrowing or not as well as when the companies are due for expansion and so forth. This is all done through financial analysis, which is the selection, evaluation, and interpretation of Financial data along with other pertinent information to assist in investment and financial decision making.This analysis will involve the calculation, presentation, and interpretation of the financial ratios of both companies. The ratios to be considered will be grouped in terms of Liquidity Ratios, Profitability ratios, Activity Ratios, Financial Leverage ratios and Shareholders ratios. The liquidity ratios will provide information about the tw o companies to meet their short term and immediate obligations. On the other hand, profitability ratios provide the amount of income by each company of the sales they make. Activity ratios will show the stakeholders of the companies on the company’s ability to manage its assets efficiently hence its ability to operate into the future. There is also the Financial Leverage ratio, which provides information on the company’s degree of commitment to its fixed financial obligations and their ability to satisfy such obligations. Lastly, we will look at the shareholders ratios of the two companies, which are aimed at describing to the shareholders the company’s financial position in terms of the amounts per share of stock, held by the owners of the company (Kingfisher plc - Investors & Media - Results & presentations - Preliminary results for the year ended 28 January 2012. (2013, March 3).

Gender and Sexuality Barriers in Healthcare

Gender and Sexuality Barriers in Healthcare â€Å"Vancouver School Board Introduces Gender-Neutral Pronouns† – and many similar headlines spanned across website pages and swept newspapers stands just this past summer, surely an indication of progressive politics in action for the queer people of Vancouver. In this case, giving non-binary and gender-neutral identifying students in Vancouver a chance to use gender-neutral pronouns – pronouns that do not make assumptions about a person’s gender. No longer are they stuck having their identities ignored at school: they can be recognized and respected in official records for who they are. This recent event demonstrates how the social barriers that complicate the lives of queer people are disintegrating; however to me, it begs the question: are the same barriers disintegrating within the workplace? Or are they still present and as strong as ever? The barriers in question being a situation or event in which a non-binary gender (transgender) identified indiv idual is treated differently to a non-transgender individual, or if the same discrimination applies to someone because of their sexual preferences (sexuality). It is also important to understand the definition of â€Å"queer† and the false negative connotation that society associates with the word. The negativity stems from its original meaning of â€Å"bizarre†, â€Å"strange†, or â€Å"outlandish†; however, the word has evolved over time to now define and encompass people within the lesbian, gay, bisexual, and transgender (LGBT) community. In its essence, the evolution of the word is parallel to societies’ attitudes towards queer individuals – changing rapidly for a virtuous cause. Not only is the discrimination being experienced by queer people unethical, disrespectful, and wrong, but these barriers that Eliason et al., Brewster et al., and others have proven to exist through their research must be preventing a whole range of studies and fields of research from progressing as lawyers, scientists, doctors, and more are not hired solely based on their gender or sexuality (Eliason et al., 1365). It is also evident that many queer people will in fact leave their work place because of the discrimination, or even be fired because of higher management discovering their sexuality or gender (Eliason et al., 1365). In an effort to diminish these clearly existing barriers, the most prominent ones in the field of healthcare will be researched and discussed: What do scholars suggest are some of the key gender and sexuality barriers that exist within healthcare, and prevent others from entering healthcare in 21st century North America? Beginning with gender barriers that queer patients face inside the field itself, it is clear that physicians are less comfortable working with male-to-female (MTF) and female-to-male (FTM) transgender individuals than lesbian, bisexual, or gay (LGB) individuals, based on Eliason et al.’s research in 2011. The study spanned 45% of LGBT physicians in the Gay and Lesbian Medical Association and a select number of heterosexual, non-transgender physicians in the American Medical Association (AMM). Of the male physicians in the AMM, only 65% felt comfortable working with MTF patients, and 64% felt comfortable working with FTM patients (Eliason et al., 1363). The female physicians in the AMM came in with slightly elevated numbers: 66% felt comfortable working with MTF patients, and 69% felt comfortable working with FTM patients (Eliason et al., 1363). These numbers are relatively low when compared to comfortableness levels of physicians working with LGB patients. This can generally b e expected, as society has had more time to grow accustomed to LGB individuals, and thus most physicians are more comfortable when practicing with LGB patients, with an average comfortableness rate of 92%, 93.5%, and 91.25%, respectively (Eliason et al., 1363). A physician’s uncomfortableness levels with MTF and FTM patients can be related to unacceptable behaviour such as denying of patient referrals and accusation of â€Å"unethical behaviour† (Eliason et al., 1365). Non-conventional gender and transgender ideals â€Å"[†¦] challenge prevailing social conventions regarding the expression of gender [†¦]†, according to Brewster et al., who quoted Fassinger and Arsenau in their 2007 study, and are very new to not only the healthcare workplace, but society in general (61). However, according to Eliason et al., queer discomfort with patients stems from not only general unease due to differing societal norms, but the lack of LGBT education within medical s chools across the United States. Their study finds that some students are only exposed to as little as one hour of transgender health studies across their whole time spent at medical school. Of which, 56% of the students described the little time they had as â€Å"unhelpful†, whereas 76% of the students said that their own â€Å"personal experience working with LGBT patients† was very helpful (Eliason et al., 1362). Based on this research, these personal experiences should be cultivated in medical school in order to prepare students for facing real life experiences with LGBT patients when they proceed to become a physician. Even after stepping out of the healthcare work environment and looking at entrance to the field of healthcare as an LGB individual, it is apparent that sexuality barriers of entry to healthcare exist during even the earliest stages of education. 15% of students in Merchant’s, Jongco’s, and Artemio’s study were found not to disclose their sexuality during admission interviews to medical school because they felt that they would not be admitted if they did (786). Another 17% of students did not disclose their sexuality because they felt uncomfortable in the interview environment (Merchant, Jongco, Artemio, 786). Based on this evidence, one can extrapolate that a medical school which openly advertises LGBT support and education would essentially disintegrate these problems of interview admission, and also help bridge the apparent â€Å"not at all comfortable† gap between physicians and LGBT patients (Eliason et al., 1363). In the bigger picture, a student†™s sexuality is of no concern to any admission advisor of any school; students are not admitted, or should have their admission affected by their sexuality or gender identification. Additionally, from an objective point of view, if a medical school were to publicly advertise their openness and accepting nature of LGBT students, they would have more students apply and thus gain popularity, as LGBT students will seek out education in environments in which they are accepted and respected. This is evident in Merchant’s, Jongco’s, and Artemio’s study, which displays a drastic increase in the number of students willing to disclose their sexuality when applying for university residence, as they are aware of the university in question’s advertised â€Å"affirming environment†, and that there is no consequence for admitting so (787). Even after graduating medical school, LGBT physician’s work environments do not seem to improve in any notable fashion. Common experiences amongst colleagues in the workplace consist of 65% of LGBT individuals recall hearing â€Å"disparaging remarks†, 22% feeling â€Å"socially ostracized†, and 15% being harassed by their fellow coworkers (Eliason et al., 1365). General psychology agrees that this discrimination is mostly due to the simple human nature of pushing away things that do not fit the sociological norm. Conversely, Brewster et al. present an alternative view on the source of workplace discomfort with LGBT individuals; describing the workplace relationships as being built from â€Å"lower job satisfaction and higher anxiety†, using Lyons et al.’s, Smith Ingram’s, and Waldo’s research to prove their point (61). Although almost all researchers agree that the negativity towards LGBT patients, LGBT physicians in the workplace, and LGBT students is decreasing, there is a common consensus among gender and sexuality researchers that it is difficult to measure the rate of change in negativity (Burke, White, 61; Eliason et al., 1366). The difficulty arises from having simply too small of a sample size for conducting research at regular intervals of time. Burke and White argue that LGB individuals comprise of roughly 3% of the population (a very â€Å"conservative estimate†), and that if these proportions apply to the healthcare field, there would only be 20,000 LGB physicians across the country (61). And of course, not all of these physicians would be willing to participate in a study. This limits a research essay to only having a select few studies available for analysis. Another limitation that exists within queer research is the fact that gender-variant and differing sexualities are very new, and thus have had less time to be observed and addressed. However, as society becomes more accepting over the course of time in the workplace, the barriers of gender and sexuality to healthcare should shatter to give rise to acceptance, and research will hopefully not be in need at all. Works Cited Eliason, Michele J., Suzanne L. Dibble, and Patricia A. Robertson. Lesbian, Gay, Bisexual, and Transgender (LGBT) Physicians Experiences in the Workplace. Journal of Homosexuality 58.10 (2011): 1355-371. LGBT Life with Full Text. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. Brewster, Melanie E., Velez Brandon, DeBlaere Cirleen, and Moradi Bonnie. Transgender Individuals Workplace Experiences: The Applicability of Sexual Minority Measures and Models. Journal of Counseling Pyschology 59 (2012): 60-70. PsycARTICLES. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. Burke, Brian. P., White, Jocelyn C. The Well-being of Gay, Lesbian, and Bisexual Physicians. Western Journal of Medicine 174.1 (2001): 59-62. Web. 17 Nov. 2014. Merchant, Roland C., Artemio M. Jongco, and Luke Woodward. Disclosure of Sexual Orientation by Medical Students and Residency Applicants. Academic Medicine 80.8 (2005): 786. PsycINFO. Web. 17 Nov. 2014.