How People Struggle With A Child s Home And Neighborhood

book how people struggle with that thin line and how the battle of living that way usually never ends for most people. Because of that constant ring of being on and off of welfare parents are forced to live in UN ruling neighborhoods and use UN reliable child care. The effects of doing this have a drastic result of the children living in the situations that they have no control over. Gould and glad discuss the unreeling effects living this way has on children stating. â€Å"- Two of the five leading causes of death among children over one year old, injuries and homicide, are closely connected to characteristics of a child’s home and neighborhood. â€Å"The fourth key goal is to stabilize living situations. Without housing subsidies, low-income families may have to struggle to pay rent, or rely on shelters and the couches and floors of a series of family members and friends. Such families are continually at risk of having to move. 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Comparison Between “London” by William Blake and “Composed...

Comparison between â€Å"London† by William Blake and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge† by William Wordsworth The city of London has inspired many poets throughout the ages. Two of the most distinctive portrayals are William Blake’s â€Å"London† published in Songs of Experience in 1974 and â€Å"Composed Upon Westminster Bridge, September 3, 1802† by William Wordsworth. While both Blake and Wordsworth comment on the conflict between appearance and reality, Blake shows the gloomy ugliness by taking down London’s streets. William Wordsworth’s ‘Composed Upon Westminster Bridge’ reveals the beauty of London from upriver. Their poems symbolize British royalty and politics. Setting, tone and theme help reader develop a greater appreciation both the†¦show more content†¦However, the speaker doesn’t admire London’s architecture; he looks down and focuses on the people. London is filled with marks of weakness and woe to Blake’s narrator. Blake mentions the â€Å"blasts† of the infant, chimney sweeper, soldier and even the harlot. Wordsworth’s London is asleep and at rest, while Blake’s London is restless and awake even through midnight. While Wordsworth portrays the beauty of London, Blake describes a cruel, cold and bitter London. The purpose of Blake’s London is to reveal the compulsion of the lower class citizens of London, by the nobles during the late 18th century. Blake uses various poetic devices in order to enhance the portrayal of the poem’s purpose to the reader. These devices include metaphor, symbolism, and repetition. ‘The mind-forged manacles I hear’ (line 8) is the central image of the poem. Manacles are chains which prisoner would have to wear and they were also used to prevent slaves from escaping. The narrator is suggesting that people’s minds are restricted and confined-that the city has robbed them of the ability to think. The poem is full of negative words: ‘weakness’, ‘woe’, ‘cry’, ‘fear’, ‘appals’, ‘blood’, blights’, plagues’ and ‘hearse’. Although the poem ends with the phrase ‘marriage’, it isn’t symbolize love or new life but with the word ‘hearse’. In Blake’s opinion the future of the city brings nothing but decay and death. In the meantime, Wordsworth uses personification throughout the poem to create a sense of

Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networks-Myassignmenthelp

Question: Disucss about the Advantages and Disadvantages of Social Networks. Answer: Introduction The report will discuss in detail about the social media and its positive as well as negative features when it is used in business. The platform of social media is modern time tool for some marketers who are trying to achieve maximum customer and trying all the means to pass on the message for the target audience clearly. This is why, social media platforms has a number of benefits as well as drawbacks and the organizations these days are constantly struggling to find the appropriate method to utilize it in an effective manner (Bryman, 2015). Any business owner does not completely understand the overall risks and the method of promotion are still very new that it is challenging to test the effectiveness of social media experts or companies that use the services for promotion. Literature review Literature review scope In today's world, technologies are changing the way companies work and market the products or services. Social media plays a very crucial role in this on the transformational level since it has completely changed the way in which companies interact with consumers and also build a reputation. Social media can be called as a method which can be very innovative in various aspects to play and present the product in the marketplace, and it has also become a crucial tool for different aspects of marketing like public relation and other (Bryman, 2015). At the same time, social media has also made it possible to connect with the customer directly. However, there are some restrictions as well. It happens especially when different kinds of marketing where the marketer has the authority to be in complete of the messaging, and there must be no authority over social media at all. This works as an awesome place where the marketer can attract many people across the globe, but at the same time, it c an be a huge disaster as well especially in the case that people where people don't agree with the product or the social media campaign (Trainor et al., 2014). Different platforms like Facebook and other social media handles also allows people to share any feedback where the complete interaction become very interesting and also it can prove to slightly harmful for the manager. Literature review objectives The main objective of the report is to understand different advantages as well as disadvantages of social networks for the business. It is important to understand that any negative comments on social media about the business will harm the image of the company and also proves to be hazardous for the company's reputation (Trainor et al., 2014). The managers who are handling marketing have to be very careful especially with the number of choices with a rapid rise in the use of social media platform for promotion. According to many studies, businesses all across the world are spending or rather investing a lot of money on social media marketing. There are obviously some very strong points which help the company to grow in the business. However, the managers will have to spend some time on disadvantages to understand it better (Autio et al., 2014). Literature review comparative analysis When a business is putting in efforts to market the product, the platform of social media can be a major help. For a small thing or single entity, the current and potential markets are already working to achieve the goal. For instance, media like Twitter or Facebook helps in bringing so many users, and that also proves to be one platform that can be utilized for different motives associated with various marketing techniques (Autio et al., 2014). Following are the detailed discussion of advantages: - Big audience: the world becomes the audience with social media since people across the world can access the information about the product and because there are millions of users on social media to reach through social media platforms (Hair, 2015). At the same time, it is not very crucial to utilize the media by creating a place that provides huge coverage for millions of people all over the world. Social media is free to create to start, and there is no popular platform has signup fees of any type, and this method can be formed or used at any time. Also, there are other social media platforms also which are free from the cost for promotion (Hair, 2015). Such tools can be treated as an important instrument of development and also, to catch the attention of many potentials as well as existing consumers. Promote the concept of sharing: many times, social media can get some help from the people who follow them. Also, people can help by sharing different content with on different networks as well as like it so that more and more people can read about it (Chu and Du, 2013). It further makes it crucial to create some interesting content and cannot be compared with paid form of advertising since people are sharing from their will. Also, the overall reach is infinite because customer following the business can share company data with many of their friends who will further share and the reach is unlimited after that. Increase in the level of brand based loyalty: there is also increase in the reach of the product through social media and the company also can raise the level of loyalty among consumers (Chu and Du, 2013). Also, the overall study is performed by a number of other studies according to which people start following the company on different platforms and such customers stay loyal to the organization in the long run. It is inappropriate to term social media as a pitch for sales and marketing; instead, it provides many options to have communication from two ways, and it also allows the company to make some significant relationship with the potential buyers. The rise in followers boosts the confidence to take more bold decisions and also have a belief in the establishment (Prpi? et al., 2015). There are different numbers of valuable decisions where social media is utilized to gain some benefit from consumer's information that will also help the company to make a decision in a more aware and smart manner to take appropriate decisions. Social media also helps in getting access to a different kind of conversation related to the business and answer the customers about their doubts. There are many queries that are asked related to people who are followers of the company, and this helps in changing the product features to suit the needs of customers related to different solutions of diverse challenges (Prpi? et al., 2015). Social media helps the company to form a genuine association because the marketing or interaction on social media also assists in constructing a stronger based on the customers. Nowadays, it is much simple to become a popular product or company on social media by creating attractive content (Rennie and Morrison, 2013). With so many consumers present all over the world, which modifies at a different time or social status, the social media allows the organization to provide and also promote the desired content with a target audience in a speedy manner. The content on social media posted once works like the self-serving method because the content can be shared multiple times with so many people at so many locations. This helps in gaining a high exposure of brand along with company creating an opportunity to communicate with the consumers directly on a more interactive level. Also, the organization can also have different options to interact with the targeted audience in a more creative manner with the help of constant interaction with consumers (Rennie and Morrison, 2013). Also, the organization will also have to resolve the problems that are important for the marketing campaign and are becoming a hindrance to the success, and the solution is also related to consumer's services and also gaining the amount of trust of the audience. Either way, it will assist in bringing some human touch to the brand and also constructing some high-level relationship with the target consumers. Research gap and contribution Following is the detailed discussion of social media disadvantages for the business: - The process of promotion on social media is very time sensitive, and this can be used to communicate or either have a communication cycle that is primarily based on high-level commitment and the nature of marketing changes with time on such platforms. The main aim is to place the establishment of long-term associations that can help into more sales regarding number (Okazaki and Taylor, 2013). Also, some people has to act in a responsible manner to guide on each network which is a response to different positive or negative comments and also associated with organization's products. It helps in positing the data related to the product that is valued by the buyer. The organization that works without the help of any service is challenging to manage and also such networks will further find it difficult to compete appropriately. Some regular users of social media perceive that methods of advertising are interfering into their personal space. According to different studies, many social media users are not very comfortable with the idea of sharing private information, and they constantly scrutinize the confidence level (Okazaki and Taylor, 2013. This further is based on the practice of formulating the advertisements as well as also promoting the data associated with consumers. The information is collected from social media and has created a lot of controversies and questioned the privacy of consumers (Nielsen and Schrder, 2014). So many efforts must be taken to meet bitterness and also at deal with all the negativity. Feedback with less control: one characteristic of social media is that it primarily diminishes the marketing campaigns in a most absurd manner specifically after all the negative publicity because of feedback from consumers. There can be some unhappy consumers as well which can be very angry with the company and take all steps to malign the image of the company (Nielsen and Schrder, 2014). Either way, negativity cannot be avoided, and it requires some solid response to pacify the consumers. Social media promotion must become with right management in right manner to immediately give an answer and try to minimize the impact in some manner. Many types of social media platforms have the freedom to work. However, when there is no fee for the advertisement to target the audience many times, local organizations often complete with some followers present in country and could not be able to connect with more customers across the globe (Zeng and Gerritsen, 2014). The best way of using it can be done with the assistance of social media platform which depends on data from some customers related to the overall interests and also encourages accomplishing the repeat business in a right manner by using the services. On some level, a business which promotes on social media makes some optimization from different disadvantages by properly presenting the products online. Another limitation of social media is for organizations which are simple to get attain attention from the current loyal customer. But at the same time, it is challenging to make much-needed efforts to catch some attention from new businesses. Also, this can be good to catch the attention of current base of consumer and also motivate them to purchase again (Zeng and Gerritsen, 2014). Studies also prove that a customer who is loyal to the brand can also be channeled in an active manner by getting right base for marketing with the assistance of social media. The present situation can influence the newer consumers and encourage them to try services as well as products. The right balance in marketing also works to avoid the purest form of promotion that social media normally get detached with (Shmueli et al., 2016). Conclusion In past decade, the role of social media has grown from just a basic channel to interact and knowing people into a biggest as well as the strongest place for businesses as well as brands. This platform has also proved from time to time that the process can be very cost effective for promotion purposes as well as the process of advertising is new at the same time subtle way. Here, the companies are trying to work around the budget of marketing and also advertising on social media (Borgatti et al., 2013). There is so many organization that are getting the assistance of social media which is primarily based on marketing in different business platforms and also many such platforms have no plan to assess the effectiveness. It is also based on the impact from promotion on a social platform for organizations and further constructing a brand. Social media promotion for businesses has a strong two sides, and each one is crucial to bring some success in an organization (Hatten, 2015). References Bryman, A., 2015.Social research methods. Oxford university press. Trainor, K.J., Andzulis, J.M., Rapp, A. and Agnihotri, R., 2014. Social media technology usage and customer relationship performance: A capabilities-based examination of social CRM.Journal of Business Research,67(6), pp.1201-1208. Autio, E., Kenney, M., Mustar, P., Siegel, D. and Wright, M., 2014. Entrepreneurial innovation: The importance of context.Research Policy,43(7), pp.1097-1108. Hair, J.F., 2015.Essentials of business research methods. ME Sharpe. Chu, S.K.W. and Du, H.S., 2013. Social networking tools for academic libraries.Journal of librarianship and information science,45(1), pp.64-75. Prpi?, J., Shukla, P.P., Kietzmann, J.H. and McCarthy, I.P., 2015. How to work a crowd: Developing crowd capital through crowdsourcing.Business Horizons,58(1), pp.77-85. Rennie, F. and Morrison, T., 2013.E-learning and social networking handbook: Resources for higher education. Routledge. Okazaki, S. and Taylor, C.R., 2013. Social media and international advertising: theoretical challenges and future directions.International marketing review,30(1), pp.56-71. Nielsen, R.K. and Schrder, K.C., 2014. The relative importance of social media for accessing, finding, and engaging with news: an eight-country cross-media comparison.Digital journalism,2(4), pp.472-489. Zeng, B. and Gerritsen, R., 2014. What do we know about social media in tourism? A review.Tourism Management Perspectives,10, pp.27-36. Shmueli, G., Patel, N.R. and Bruce, P.C., 2016.Data Mining for Business Analytics: Concepts, Techniques, and Applications with XLMiner. John Wiley Sons. Borgatti, S.P., Everett, M.G. and Johnson, J.C., 2013.Analyzing social networks. SAGE Publications Limited. Hatten, T.S., 2015.Small business management: Entrepreneurship and beyond. Nelson Education.

Soylent Green Essays - 9, Today, Nineteen Eighty-Four, Dystopia

Soylent Green Our life and the lives of the people we love is, and always will be the most important part of our existence as human creatures. We are mammals, we are animals just like the tiger that wonders through the pasture, the elephant who stampedes a heard of zebra, and the whale that gracefully glides though the ocean. We have characteristics of all these and many other mammals that we see and encounter everyday. What would happen if books were band? Or we were watched every day by a camera, or were forced to eat our own species without us even know it. In the three movies that were adapted from novels the authors have changed the perfect world that we know of and brought to the forefront the grim reality of what our beautiful lives are really like. Although the measures taken in the novels are very drastic many of the same themes can be found in our present society. The authors have tribe to bring to our attention what lives are like if for on day one aching minute our lives are not in our hands but in the hands of a greater power. The basic theme of the novel 1984 is that if we don't watch out 1984 will find us. We need to realize, when we are being intruded upon by the government just a little too much. If the government proposes a new chip to be placed into all telecommunications devices so that it can tap into them. We have to stop it. (This is not hypothetical, the government proposed "The Clipper Chip" which would be used to listen to our encoded conversations, and to see our data communications. We would be safe from our neighbors, but not from our government.) The author's predictions of the future are really advice, "Don't let the government control every aspect of your private lives." If we allow this we will be turned into robots of the system. Perhaps it is also a look at what is already. In many ways we are controlled, we are robots. In kindergarten we are taught how to be that way. "Stand in a line, don't talk, hands out of pockets, fire drill, bells ringing." We are truly controlled by words and bells. Nine-teen-eighty-four has come and gone, however that doesn't mean we are safe. The author's view of the future is no longer even close to accurate. It will NEVER happen that way. No, today we have far BETTER ways of this happening. With computers containing almost all data, which can be quickly erased in large numbers at the touch of a but-ton, information is much easier to "rectify." With new technology we could hide micro-phones in the fabric of clothing. Video cameras are smaller today. They could be worn about people. Maybe in the future be implanted in them. Orwell's future is dead. The reality is that it could be even worse. Orwell should NOT be discredited, he should be listened to and praised. There are measures going through congress now that will inhibit our rights in the future. Our own congress makes measures to give themselves raises. They won't vote yes on such bills as term limits. It is not inconceivable that a bill could pass to law saying that the president and congress shall stay in power forever. They could even convince us to allow it to happen. Hitler did it when he became leader. This is the future Orwell predicted, he just didn't have it exact. Perhaps it is closer than we think only being shaded by conspirators. Fahrenheit 451 is a novel about men and women who are torn away from the reality of life and told what to do and when to do it. I suppose they really would have nothing else to do with their lives if they've all thought the same. They're pretty much out of touch with reality. But if people get out of touch with reality, how can they have the ability to think intelligently? To avoid reality and conflict, the people in Bradbury's book have al-lowed themselves to be diverted by technological entertainment. The entertainment, like TV, has provided a distraction or diversion for this society. As a result of this distraction, they have quit reading anything complex or insightful. Hopefully, our world won't meet Bradbury's predictions. Of course it won't, will it? Well, at least we know that to avoid the consequences the society of "Fahrenheit 451" faced, we must keep in touch with individuality

Cut in half †Communications Essay

Cut in half – Communications Essay Free Online Research Papers Cut in half Communications Essay Education is everyone’s future. People go to school for years to get the knowledge and experience for their dream job. But in every country there is a different level of expectations and pressure that lies on every student. Number of classes each day, the amount of homework to do and the pressure that every student has to go through, are just a few differences between Polish and American schools. Students in America have an easy life while students in Poland have to deal with pressure and stress every day. Living in Poland was the most special time in my life. But when I think about the school that I went to, I mostly remember tons of homework, mean teachers, and overwhelming feeling of not being ready for my classes. It was partly because I had a different schedule every day and I had around ten classes to take each semester. Each year usually started on the September 1st and ended around the June 20th. We did not have many days off, as far as I remember, we had the Independence Day, the Constitution Day, and some of the religious holidays off. We also had a Christmas Break and the two weeks of winter break in February. When I came to the U.S. I was on a sophomore level in high school. I was given a schedule that was the same for the whole week. Fortunately, I had more days off for different reasons and holidays. I started school on the August 18th and ended on the May 30th. When I was a senior we were done with high school at the beginning of May. It was amazing for me how much time I had for myself now that I changed my life so much. Days in Poland were different. When I came from school, I had six or seven classes to study for the next day. My every day was basically all about school. Not only I had to write a lot of essays, but I also had to memorize all of the new material from our books. Our books were much smaller than American ones, but they contained only the information we needed to know. I remember sitting at the kitchen table with books all around me until twelve at night. I will never forget some of my teachers with their meanest, strict looks on their faces. When they wanted to check our knowledge, they would call out one of our names, and then the chosen student had to stand up and answer all the questions the teacher asked with no looking at the books or notes. It was a stressful situation that locked all our thoughts inside, and we could not remember anything. In the United States I had enough time to do my homework at school, so I had a lot of free time afterwards. I had time for almost everything. I could watch TV, sit on the computer or go out and I did not have to worry about school any more. School was more fun, easier, much less of a big deal. Teachers made it very easy to pass every class I was taking. When I first started going to school, it was funny for me how long some teachers would explain homework problems to students, how much time they would give us for projects, and how we could use our notes while taking a quiz. It was weird how I would get a headache when I thought of studying in Poland. I had the feeling that teachers expected of us, the students, more than we have could ever known. I do not think they even knew that much as we had to know at one time. When I started high school in Poland, I was put together with a group of 28 people that were supposed to be my classmates for the next three years. We were all different and we were just getting used to the new environment. In the first month we were overwhelmed by the responsibilities that lied on our shoulders. In the next three years we were supposed to get ready for the exam of our life. It was the test that determines in Poland your level of knowledge at the age of eighteen or nineteen. Passing it would mean that we were old enough and ready to step into the real world of adult life. It was the exam in Polish Literature and writing, Math, a foreign language, and one additional subject that we could choose. It was also the most stressful moment that could ever happen to a teenager. In the United States I have a free mind, I have less stressful school days and I am surer about what to study for each day. The education is the reason why I came here. I can see that studying here can get me somewhere in my life. It might seem like I have chosen the easier way of living, but I had the opportunity to make that decision and I think I made the right one. I will never regret going to school in Poland, because the school was the reason for me to meet the most special and unique people. But it will always remain me of the stress and pressure that was always with me. If I had the money and courage, I would go to college in Poland to see if I could manage it again. I will always be cut in half when I talk about Poland and America. Research Papers on Cut in half - Communications EssayStandardized TestingPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyHarry Potter and the Deathly Hallows EssayHip-Hop is ArtThe Spring and AutumnPETSTEL analysis of IndiaResearch Process Part OneAssess the importance of Nationalism 1815-1850 EuropeEffects of Television Violence on ChildrenThe Effects of Illegal Immigration

5 performance objective Essays - Marketing, Management, Quality

5 performance objective Essays - Marketing, Management, Quality 5 performance objective (2013) what are the generic performance objectives that operations are mostly seen to compete on? Fully explain the performance objectives and the advantage that each may support. What trade-offs may be made in pursuit of a specific competitive advantage. E.g. low cost product/service. Evaluate the extent to which the 5 performance objectives are applicable to a small, independent record shop and chain of large record shop suggesting which objectives might be the most critical to each service. Using the 5 performance objectives to frame your argument, how could a small convenience store/corner shop ever hope to complete with a large supermarket? Using the performance objective, in what areas would the small shop have difficulty in competing. QUALITY: is consistent conformance to customer expectations, all operations regard quality as a particularly important objective. It is a major influence on customer satisfaction or dissatisfaction, it they satisfaction they will likely return. The advantage of good quality is not only effect on external customer but also makes life easier inside the operation as well. First, quality reduces costs, if things are done correctly first time, expenditure is saved on sorting out and correcting mistakes. Second, quality increases dependability, there is fewer problems because poor quality means a more reliable delivery process. For example, Quality in supermarket is products are in good condition, the store is clean and tidy, decoration is appropriate and attractive, staffs are courteous, friendly and helpful. SPEED: is the time delay between customers requesting products or services and them receiving them. Speed is important because of its advantage are externally, speed is an important aspect of customer service and speed reduces inventories by decreasing internal throughput time and reduce risks by delaying the commitment of resources. For example: speed in supermarket is the time taken for the total transaction of going to the supermarket, making the purchases and returning kept to a minimum( giu o muc toi thieu) and the immediate availability of goods. DEPENDABILITY: is doing things in time for customer to receive their goods or services exactly when they are needed, or at least when they were promised. The advantages of dependability are externally, dependability is an important aspect of customer service and internally, dependability within operations increases operational reliability, so saving the time and money that would otherwise be taken up in solving reliability problems and also giving stability to the operation E.G. dependability in supermarket are predictability of opening hours, proportion of goods out of stock kept to a minimum, keeping to reasonable queuing (xep hang) times, constant availability of packing. FLEXIBILITY: is the ability to offer a wide variety of products or services to the customer and to be able to change these products or services quickly. It can provide 4 types of requirement namely product/service flexibility( introduce new product/service), mix flexibility (wide range of goods stocked, mix of product and service), volume flexibility( change output depend on over time), delivery flexibility( change the timing of the delivery of its service/product). of flexibility is the increased ability of operations to do different things for different customers high flexibility lead to produce a high variety of products/services. Some organizations develop flexibility through customizing product/service for each individual customer. They manage to produce in high-volume which reduce the cost is called Mass customization. advantage: flexibility speeds up( tang toc do) response, saves time, maintains dependability e.g. flexibility in supermarket are product/service flexibility-th e introduction of new goods or promotions, mix flexibility-a wide range of goods stocked, volume flexibility-the ability to adjust the number of customers served, delivery flexibility-the ability to obtain out-of-stock items. COST: the companies compete directly on price, cost will clearly be their major operations objective. The lower the cost of producing their goods/services lower price for customer. Externally, low costs allow org to reduce their price to gain higher volumes or increase their profitability on existing volume levels . internally, cost performance is helped by good performance in the other performance objective. E.g: high quality do not waste time or effort to re-do things. High speed reduce level of in-process inventory between processes as well as reducing administrative. Dependable rely on delivery exactly as planned, this eliminates wasteful disruption and allows the other processes to

Merger and Acquisition in China Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 7000 words

Merger and Acquisition in China - Coursework Example Therefore it will be very important to understand how this trend impacts the Chinese economy, as the country is effectively competing with other countries for FDI and this should affect the over all position of China in the international trade arena. The open door policy initiated by Deng Xiaoping in China in1992 with the intention to push forward China's economic progress brought in considerable wealth in the form of Foreign Direct Investments (FDI) (Galbraith, 2000). This policy enabled institutional change (North 1990), which in turn created opportunities for investment into the Chinese economy. What was different about this policy was that it was a gradual change and not a sudden change as experienced in other developing countries, which led to bankruptcies and high costs (Campbell and Lindberg 1991). This policy also placed emphasis on foreign capital policy, the foreign exchange system, and it also offered promising conditions for foreign investors (Galbraith, 2000). This policy has since reaped dividends given that the main mode for FDI into the Chinese economy has been through foreign funded and joint venture companies. This has also reflected in figures which show that between 1990 and 1996, China managed to attract app roximately $230 billion of foreign capital, with 20% of that amount coming from developing nations (Galbraith, 2000). However, the open door policy did more than just attract FDI to China; it also introduced the market for corporate control, which is where firms are sold and bought, or are taken over (Groenewegen 2004). This market for corporate control previously did not exist, due to the high number of enterprises owned by the state, which also meant that no FDI was coming into the economy. By opening up the economy, most of these government enterprises have now been left open for mergers and acquisitions, due to market forces operating in the economy. For instance, this open door policy led to initiatives from the Chinese government to reduce non-profitable enterprises (Groenewegen 2004), and between 1995 and 2002 the number of state owned enterprises decreased by 46% and profit increased by 163.6% (SASAC 2004). First of all these figures demonstrate that during that time period there was a record number of mergers and acquisitions, and that these were probably due to the need to establish profitable organizations for the Chinese government. These figures also show that mergers and acquisitions have the ability to generate revenue through profits, which demonstrate that the new organizations are more efficient than they were in their previous state. This clearly suggests that the Chinese government experienced a lot of the advantages of mergers and acquisitions from the introduction of the market for corporate control; however one also has to consider the effect of this open door policy on small private companies. The move from a centrally planned economy to a market economy has also encouraged FDI as the government has had to make changes to tax systems, in order to make them more favourable to investors. Foreign investors are considered to introduce new technology, new methods, structures, process and management styles to the economy which result in increased productivity

The Definition of Marriage Is Relative Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Definition of Marriage Is Relative - Essay Example In modern Western society this basis for marriage is the most common, but still we cannot exclude the fact of arranged marriages, which were more popular earlier. Recent studies showed that even hundred years ago the most common marriage was the arranged one, when spouses were supposed to be from the same social class, so families usually arranged marriages between their children to combine their capitals. But since the beginning of 20th century this tendency started reducing, when Western-pattern society became more liberal and new young generations didn’t allow their parents to arrange their lives (Ghimire at al. n.pag). This Western liberal pattern of marriage is based on the kind of Western society where law principles are predominant in defining some social acts as acceptable or not. These law fundamentals of the society have reduced a significance of religious rituals in recognition of social acts as legal or not. This means that it’s not enough just to be connect ed with some religious ritual to be considered as married, spouses must to support their promises to each other with the legal act. Besides, the significant feature of marriage is presence of gender roles within it. First of all, it is difficult to argue that marriage is a sort of social institution that requires bringing population growth into society. As far as liberal Western society started to allow people to marry for any reason they want, this caused several social problems. First of all, gender roles within family have changed; there are no special behavioral standards for man and woman anymore, so this caused increase in maternity age among women, because emancipated women put their careers before family (Nock, 14). Another problem of Western liberal social pattern is the allowance of single-sex marriage. This topic is a hot point of discussions within worldwide societies. The conflict’s point is that making society extremely liberal Western countries (Europe, USA) ha ve leveled the basic social foundations of marriage like population growth purposes and moral and religious standard of heterosexual couples.

Political Science Essay Example for Free

Political Science Essay Non-governmental organizations and Inter-governmental organization are defined as actors in the international level which operate and they carry out their activities without any state control. Non-governmental organizations are formed voluntarily by citizens, with the aim of charitable participation within the organization. They are independent within the laws of society and are managed by those elected or the appointed board. Its legal status is based on freedom of association, one of the most basic human rights. This paper will focus on various aspects of these two kinds of organizations and their effects on the international relations of a state. NGOs are not established with the purpose of making profit rather they are engaged in revenue-generating activities. The revenue obtained is used in pursuit of the organization’s mission. Employees get the proper reward for relevant work done. Nevertheless, boards are not paid for the work they do but are reimbursed for any expense they incur in executing board duties. In addition, NGOs aims at improving the circumstances and prospects of people and to act on issues detrimental to the well being of the society as a whole (Ahmed Potter, 2008). There exists great diversification in terms of independence, size of business, source of funding, international reach and operating procedures. These organizations can execute projects, shield or promote specific causes and seek to manipulate policy. NGOs are not subject to international law and include organizations like Amnesty international, the International chamber of Commerce and International Red Cross. IGOs  Intergovernmental organizations, commonly abbreviated as IGOs, comprise of sovereign states that are positioned to carry out projects and plans in common interest. NGOs act in conjunction with IGOs by complimenting IGO- initiated and funded programmes, as operational partners. IGOs include organizations like the European Union and the international financial institutions, World Bank. Most of IGOs work for and are financed by rich corporations and some state governments (Beigbeder, 1991). They are important aspect of public international law and are formed by treaty that acts as a bond creating the group. IGOs plays a major role by providing means of cooperation and multiple channels of communication between and among states in fields which cooperation and communication provides advantages for almost all nations. With the major roles of IGOs as rule making, data collection and agenda setting, they decrease uncertainty between states and explore cooperative solution for international problems. IGOs may manipulate norms of international relations and preferences of nation-states; for instance, the United Nations Environment Program which played key role in the conception of regimes such as the protection of the Mediterranean Sea. A well known case is the International Atomic Energy Agency which evidenced that IGOs play a significant role in monitoring principles, norms and rules of international institutions and international regimes. Infrastructure has developed within states as IGOs are greatly concerned with technical issues like telecommunication, postal services, transportation and environmental management. Economic development has been witnessed with IMF and the World Bank being successful in money flowing, debt management and financing debt issues between rich and poor states. States are able to obtain information about the international society and politics. Decisions made by IGOs are as a result of negotiations among the governmental agents assigned to them. Activities of IGOs such as the UN and the IMF are seen to be more influential for most diminutive countries as compared with countries with very big powers as they are not constrained too much by their principles. NGOs exists in many kinds such as transnational, governmental organized, governmental regulated and initiated, business and industry, transnational social movements and anti-governmental. For the recent decade their effectiveness for transnational politics has become pertinent and their number increased. NGOs mobilize universal networks by creating transnational organizations, gathering data on local conditions through associates around the world, creating immediate response and drum up pressure from the outside states. NGOs work hand in hand with IGOs by participating in their conferences and engaging in social appointments, building communal coalitions, raising new agendas and addressing IGOs meetings (Beigbeder, 1991). They also maintain inter-state collaboration by preparing backing papers, reports and refining delegates of states to narrow technical gap, intensifying policy options and bringing delegates together. They carry out activities within states such as linking to local partners and transnational movements, providing humanitarian aid protecting persons in danger. NGOs promote public participation within states by bringing awareness to the government delegates that they are being watched. This is achieved through the endless effort in increasing transparency and honesty of international negotiations and public institutions and aggravating public protest. They do mobilization of international community to fight against oppression, afflict, group and personal rights. Effects of NGOs and NGOs on international relations of a state Non-state actors have caused great transformation in international relations as they have become the major determinants of foreign policies of nation states as they have remained active in playing their major roles in more than one state. They are involved in both domestic and international settings. Through their personal connection with their employees, they help nation states to solve problems such as climatological changes, shortage of food, poverty, and insufficient natural resources. In many cases of political conflicts like the cold war which resulted to tribalism and other cultural cleavages, many non-state actors have been involved to solve them and shape national, regional and international policies and thus their role has been widely accepted by many political scientists. However, these scientists only differed on the level of relevance and effectiveness of non-state actors. Intergovernmental organizations and Non-governmental organizations are included in the part of world system and are source of effectiveness in international politics. In today’s world, it has become quite difficult to evaluate international politics and pattern without attaching the great influence of non-state actors which are gaining position. Moreover, non-state actors have shown concern with the rural poor and have managed to maintain field presence in distant locations where it quite difficult to keep government staff in station. They have identified the needs of the rural poor in terms of agricultural developments. They have also implemented new systems for testing new technology such as soya production in Bangladesh (Ahmed Potter, 2008). In other cases, non-state actors have assisted to organize landless labourers to get and operate water pumping technology and irrigation schemes. Concisely, they have sustained joint efforts in soil and water conservation whether is on private land or on micro-watershed areas. Conclusion  In conclusion, increased transactions, awareness and common concern on regional and global problems require collaboration between states and non-state actors so as to maintain their welfare. These organizations will also require further cooperation and communication among themselves to strengthen their effectiveness as actors in the implementation of sustainable achievement. Nation-states including the most powerful one, the United States, have to attach great significance to non-state actors in order to improve and achieve their main interests.

Theories of Visual and Auditory Attention Essay example -- Neurology

It is essential that humans focus on specific objects as they would not be able to perform one action at a time, and humans see their world in objects. Another purpose of attention is so that actions can be directed and controlled (Allport, 1987 cited in Naish 2010). It is important to research this in order to optimise health and safety and performance in occupational fields and make further discoveries in clinical neuropsychology. Some debates rage around how we attend to objects through our auditory and visual processes. Early selection theorists argue that all extraneous information is filtered out at an early stage and is ignored completely. The brain has limited capacity to deal with all the stimuli surrounding the object. From this Broadbent (1958 cited in Naish 2010) devised his influential Filter Theory, an early selection theory in auditory research. Treisman (1980 cited in Naish 2010) was an attenuation theorist and her Feature Integration Theory was also extremely i nfluential, arguing some extraneous material is attended to before filtering. This essay will explore both theories and their contribution to our understanding of perception. It will make comparisons between the theories and the two senses. It will conclude that the research has made major contributions, but none has provided sufficient evidence to fully address the issues. Whether superfluous information is attended to or not, might depend on volume. Whilst some auditory researchers were interested in the Cocktail Party effect (how we focus on one conversation over others at a noisy party), Broadbent’s main interest was research for the UK Military. A notable project for him was considering how fighter pilots could pick out relevant radio mess... ...tudies in neuroscience could make a contribution to the debate by revealing the serial and/or parallel processing of the brain in detecting brain pathways and oscillations (Schyns 2011). More natural studies could be considered using brain imaging during normal day to day lives to increase ecological validity, across modalities. Works Cited Driver, J. (2001) ‘A selective review of selective attention research from the past century’ British Journal of Psychology 92, pp53-78 Naish, P. (2010) ‘Attention’. In Kaye (Ed) Cognitive Psychology (2nd edition): The Open University: Padstow. Pp29-59 Schyns PG, Thut G, Gross J (2011) ‘Cracking the Code of Oscillatory Activity’. PLoS Biol 9(5): e1001064. doi:10.1371/journal.pbio.1001064 Shinn-Cunningham, B. G. (2008) ‘Object-based auditory and visual attention, Trends in Cognitive Sciences, vol.12, no.5, pp.182–6.

Relationship between continental drift and the formation of the Earth’s Oceans

1) Explain the relationship between continental drift and the formation of the Earth’s Oceans?-The relationship between continental drift and the formation of the Earth’s Oceans stems from plate movement that occurred on Earth. There is a theory that all the continents were once all one big piece of land named Pangaea, and over millions and millions of years the land of Pangaea started to split apart into many different continents. It divided Panthalassa, the large global ocean that surrounded the supercontinent Pangaea, into many different oceans instead of just one big one and now we have many various oceans around the world.2) How did volcanoes affect the origins of the seas?-Volcanoes affected the origins of the seas because many gasses are released during a volcantic eruption including water vapor. Water vapor was the main contributor to where the primary ocean waters originated from. This is because the water vapor condensates after being gassed out of the volcano es, once the condensation occurs then precipitation is created.3) Describe the hydrologic cycle as if you were a particle of water going through it.If I were a particle traveling though the hydrologic cycle I would being by floating on top of the ocean and soaking up the suns heat, slowly after absorbing the heat I would lift up into the air as water vapor. After chilling in the sky for a little bit I would find a nice crowded dark cloud to sit inside and eventually once it got too full I would fall back onto the ground as a snow flake on to a tall mountain. After resting on the mountain all winter once spring came along I would melt off the side of the mountain and into a lake.

The Tally Stick

â€Å"The Tally Stick† ENLT 121-2 It is not always feasible to express ones love for another human being simply through words or ordinary actions. Jarold Ramsey wrote a poem that demonstrates how simple markings and items can have priceless meanings to them. â€Å"The Tally Stick† is a poem that explains the symbolic intricacies of a stick that he has created for his wife of many years and more to come. The poem begins showing the analogy between their marriage and the general physiology of the stick itself.Ramsey carved their â€Å"lives in secret† (2) to show that his work of art and their memories should remain mysterious. Both the stick and their marriage are beautiful to the public eye, but he only wants the two of them to know the details of why it is so precious. The stick is carved in â€Å"mountain mahogany† (3) which is both very durable and free of voids present in common woods. This quality of both wood and love is exemplified by â€Å"hard an d rare† (3) to symbolize the strength and preciousness of both.Line 5 makes the transition from Ramsey discussing the quality of their love to positively reminiscing their lives together by â€Å"touching and handling† (5) the stick as opposed to observing it. This is what makes the tally stick so meaningful; a couple would ordinarily revisit their marriage by opening a scrapbook, whereas Ramsey has created an artifact that can be felt in addition to observed to stir up more powerful emotions. The most beloved part of the marriage to Ramsey is the actual ceremony itself.The â€Å"intricate notch† (6) at the beginning of the stick, which he explains is â€Å"our wedding† (7), demonstrates how much he values the matrimonial ceremony between them. This intricacy is created where grains â€Å"converge and join† (6) which can be personified to a man and woman becoming one—their convergence making them larger and more whole than they were as indivi duals. He values this moment so dearly that he can give specific details of the wedding such as â€Å"who danced† (9). Because he can recall so many details of this day, the details of the stick are readable even â€Å"with a thumb† (9).This deep grain was chosen to represent this occasion to symbolize its significance, but more importantly because those grains are permanent in the wood just as their love is permanent. There are two specific symbols that Ramsey etched into the stick symbolizing two unavoidable events: life and death. The first symbols carved were â€Å"little arrowheads† (10), and Ramsey explicitly says they symbolize the â€Å"births of our children† (11). Arrowheads were essential for the sustainment of life in ancient times, therefore Ramsey chose them to represent his children that bring life to him and his wife.Along with the arrowheads are â€Å"heavy crosses† (12) which also explicitly represents the loss of their parents an d friends. In the bible, Jesus was forced to suffer by carrying his own heavy cross before crucifixion; the crosses on the stick symbolize both the suffering of Ramsey and his wife and the deaths of their loved ones. Not only does Ramsey include the influential moments of their lives through etchings, but uncontrollable events are also present on the stick. He included â€Å"Events, History† (15) because occurrences outside marriage do have a slight impact on how a couple lives together.These events affected them much less than those such as the birth of their children, and he symbolizes this by marking them as â€Å"random hashmarks† (15). These small scratches were placed sporadically against the â€Å"swirling grain† (16); the swirling grain is more precious and has a direction and purpose on the stick, whereas the hashmarks were chiseled randomly simply to present a reminder to him and his wife. Ramsey goes into detail about two historical events represented by the hashmarks.The â€Å"Year the World Went Wrong† (17) refers to around 1961 – the year the United States sent troops into Vietnam which eventually escaladed into the Vietnam War including China, Russia, and France. Other hashmarks on the stick are the â€Å"Great Men fell† (18). This is mentioned after the ‘Year the World Went Wrong’ which means that these days occurred after 1961, yet were relatively close to that time period. It is possible that men who ‘fell’ (died) included Kennedy in 1963, Malcom X in 1965, Martin Luther King Jr. in 1968, and Robert F. Kennedy in 1968.All four of those men profoundly impacted America and it is likely Ramsey and his wife grieved over their deaths together. In spite of these horrible events occurring, the love between Ramsey and his wife â€Å"run through it all† (19) both in reality and in the grains on the stick. We know that their marriage persevered because their â€Å"lengthening r unes† (19) ran through the hash marks (19), meaning their growing characteristics and companionship as a couple were not affected by these tragedies but instead continued on their natural course.The final stanza returns to the present time and describes the unfinished state of the tally stick. Ramsey believes that he and his wife are approaching death by indicating the stick is whittled â€Å"nearly end to end† (20). While the stick is almost completely whittled, there is in fact still space left, showing his desire to create more memories with his wife so they can be carved on. Although the stick was carved out of â€Å"hard† (4) mahogany, the current state is â€Å"delicate as scrimshaw† (21) because of the amount of wood carved away by memories.It is so delicate that it would not â€Å"bear you up† (21), simply emphasizing the stick’s physical weakness—not even able to support the weight of his wife if she used it as a cane. The fin al stanza is the first time that Ramsey admits his marriage is realistic and not perfect. Outside of the beautiful carvings is wood that has been smoothened simply by handling it. The phrases â€Å"Regrets have polished it† (22) and â€Å"hand over hand† (22) are both used to symbolize times of dispute in the marriage.The effort and friction required to hold the stick by hand while carving it has ‘polished’ it, which is analogous to the effort needed to work through hardships and ‘regrets’ of the marriage. In addition to the Tally Stick’s current state, the final stanza expresses Ramsey’s desires for the remainder of his marriage and life. Ramsey only wants to reminisce meaningful life events with his wife, which are represented by their â€Å"unforgotten wonders† (23). The fingers will feel â€Å"sign after sign† (25) on the stick, which have already been established as memorable events earlier in the poem.Ramsey w ants this remembrance to be innocent and enjoyable as â€Å"children on a trail† (24), like kids playing on a trail in the forest. He does not wish to talk about the hardships in his marriage, as seen through the phrase â€Å"talk softly† (26), clearly indicating a peaceful conversation that would not include any regrets. The final phrase of the poem is the â€Å"eyes go blind† (27). The most provoking thought of this last line does not refer to simply losing vision, but rather is an analogy to dying together so that neither of them has to experience life without the other.Ramsey ends the poem with this desire to express how dearly he loves his wife. â€Å"The Tally Stick† demonstrates how Ramsey’s love for his wife can be objectified through an artwork that he has created. The medium for the masterpiece and the symbols on it are carefully selected so that every part of the stick is significant. The marriage, the milestones, and the hardships of th eir lives together are engraved on the stick, yet Ramsey makes it clear which parts are of most importance to him through detail and emphasizes that he truly believes in the phrase â€Å"until death do us part†.

Ford Pinto & Social Capital essays

Ford Pinto & Social Capital essays The Ford Pinto fiasco in the 1970s led to an unprecedented court case in which the prosecution brought charges of reckless homicide against the Ford Motor Company, the first time a corporation had been charged with criminal conduct in the United States (Gioia, p. 115). Buckling under pressure from pending lawsuits, increasingly strident governmental regulations, and a persistent media, the Ford Motor Corporation finally recalled all Pintos sold between 1970 and 1976. What really inspired Ford to recall the explosive vehicles was, however, the clear fact that the negative attention they were receiving in the media impinged on their profit margins. Mismanagement of the Pinto problem led to a decline in Fords reputation and thus eroded their perceived social capital. What Lee Iacocca did not foresee when he refused to improve the design of the vehicle was the inherent value of social capital: the implied trust between consumers and corporations. Iacocca had assumed that price would be the sole motivator for purchasing the Pinto and that, in spite of the frequent explosions, consumers would pay the price. Placing a dollar-value on human life, estimated at around $200,000 at the time, Ford worked out a cost-benefit analysis that implied that cutting safety costs outweighed possible losses due to injury or death. The cost-benefit analysis conducted by Ford did not include the value of social capital. Defined by Fukuyama as trust and including virtues like truth telling, meeting obligations, and reciprocity, social capital was the missing link in the Ford Motor Companys infamous equation (p. 99). Had Iacocca measured the long-term benefits of engendering consumer trust through safe vehicles, Ford might have averted the negative economic repercussions of the Pinto recalls including the subsequent bad publicity. Underestimating the value of social capital undermined the companys integr...

Seven Essential Ingredients of a Good Working Relationship

Seven Essential Ingredients of a Good Working Relationship While it’s not always easy to get along with your coworkers, it’s a worthwhile endeavor: good working relationships are more important than ever in today’s increasingly collaborative work environments. Unfortunately, this can sometimes be easier said than done. It’s not impossible, however. Get a proactive jump on forming positive workplace relationships by implementing these seven simple yet productive methods. 1. Communication CountsOpen lines of communication are critical to all relationships - both in and out of the office. Different people have different needs and preferences. Understanding your co-workers’ needs and delivering on them can help you not only enjoy a better working relationship, but also maximize productivity.Does he/she prefer email, phone or face-to-face meetings? Are daily check-ins preferable to weekly updates? Establishing ground rules for how and when you’ll communicate eliminates confusion, irritation, and other ne gative emotions in the workplace.2. Show RespectJust as your work is your top priority, so are your fellow co-workers’ roles and responsibilities of equal priority to them. Be on time to meetings, treat everyone with courtesy, and honor the time and space of others.3. Be PositiveWhile there’s a time and place for venting, the workplace during work hours is not it. Avoid complaining about your boss and co-workers on the job. Not only does this damage others’ perception of you as a professional person, but it also promote a culture of negativity.Rather than becoming part of the problem, commit to becoming part of the solution. If workplace problems are prevalent, brainstorm ideas toward their solution. This is far more productive than griping to anyone who will listen and risking your own reputation in the process.4. Listen UpEveryone has the potential to make a difference in the workplace - regardless of level or position. Encourage and welcome ideas from others , and refrain from disparaging or belittling them.This doesn’t mean you have to accept and implement bad ideas, but it does mean treating people - and their ideas - with the same courtesy with which you’d want to be treated.Plus, you never know when someone’s idea will turn into an unexpected solution for an ongoing challenging.5. Speak UpYou have a unique set of knowledge, expertise and ideas. Sharing these with your team members not only has potential to make positive change, but also gives your co-workers a better sense of who you are and what you have to offer.In addition to sharing your ideas, it’s also essential to share your gratitude. If a fellow employee has helped out with a task or made a positive contribution to a project, acknowledging their efforts can go a long way to building a sense of teamwork.6. Be AccountableAs Big Bird himself famously crooned, â€Å"Everyone makes mistakes.† Errors are a fact of life. In most cases, theyâ₠¬â„¢re recoverable. What’s not recoverable? Making a mistake and putting the blame on another co-worker. If you miss a deadline or mess up an assignment, own it.Conversely, when co-workers miss deadlines or mess up assignments, don’t sell them out to management. Give them the opportunity to remedy their mistakes, and offer your assistance along the way. Your support when they need it now may mean their support when you need it later.7. Follow UpAlong the same lines as being accountable, it’s also essential to follow up on your obligations. If you say you’re going to do something, do it. If you’re unable to complete the promised task, promptly inform your co-worker or boss. Again, missing deadlines is understandable, but attempting to cover up or run from setbacks may lead to disaster. Trust between co-workers is paramount, and following up on your commitments is an essential component in developing trust.While you and your co-workers may never be b esties, there’s no reason you can’t overcome personal differences and work together as a team. These seven tips and tricks can get you on track to professional relationships which aren’t just tolerable, but fulfilling.

Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 140

Essay Example In order for firms to compete globally, it is important for managers to understand the nature of global markets (244). Competition is worldwide, and therefore it is imperative that companies understand the kind of goods and services that can give them a competitive advantage over other global industries. In addition, the productivity of labor can also affect the economic boundaries of firms. For example, industries with limited labor generally concentrate on producing basic commodities, while those with high expertise focus on producing advanced goods and services. Thus, the availability of labor affects the cost of production, which in turn re-defines trade (Samuelson & Marks, 245). In global markets, the prevailing exchange rate is as well important when computing the cost of production, because it ultimately influences the costs of exports and imports (Samuelson & Marks, 246). Another important factor is the competitive market condition. Indeed, one of the aspects managers consider when making decisions is how they can compete within markets. Depending with market environments, they consider factors that can cause barriers to their entry or even affect how they establish their prices. In a competitive market environment, for example, organizations have to consider the number of firms in the market, how prices are established, and if they can have control over them (Samuelson & Marks, 281). Finally, the application of e-commerce and technology are significantly re-defining trade in many areas, particularly cost economies. These methods facilitate customer increase because they have the potentials to reach a large population, and also offer a variety of online services, which ultimately leads to cost savings for the firms (Samuelson & Marks,

Texting While Driving Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Texting While Driving - Research Paper Example The irony in the story notwithstanding the lesson is clear that texting while driving is a dangerous practice and the more one does it the more likely they are to end up in a crash. Taking cognizance of the fact that driving by itself is dangerous, allowing texting, which has been proven to increase ones chances of losing control of a vehicle, is illogical, irresponsible and different from allowing drunk driving. Each day 15 people are killed while over 1200 are injured in car crashes that involve a distracted driver, whereby these distractions involve taking one’s eyes of the road, hands of the wheel or focusing on something else besides driving. What do all this distractions have in common is that any driver driving and texting will have to engage in at least one or all of these distractions at some point during the writing; the more they text, the more likely they are to veer off the road or hit another car, pedestrian or object. In this paper, it will be proven through res earch and statistical data as well as logical reasoning that texting while driving is a dangerous practice that needs to be curbed with all urgency. Due to the increased availability of mobile phones and other hand held devices;  texting and driving has been on the increase in the last few years; studies have attested to the increasing number of accidents related to texting. Statistics reveal that in the year 2009 more than 54,000 people died, as a result of distractions while driving with 240 000 being injured as a result of the same (â€Å"Injury Prevention & Control†¦"). This resulted to AAA launching a campaign to ensure that texting and driving were outlawed in all the American states without exemption in an effort to mitigate the often-dire consequences of texting while driving (AAA). They registered a considerable level of success since after the ban was implemented in California, the percentage of drivers texting went down by approximately 70 percent (AAA). In June 2 012 a Massachusetts teen was sentenced to serve one year in jail for involvement in deadly car while writing a text, under the new state laws that criminalize injuring someone while texting and driving (Conan). In ten American States, talking on hand held devices are not allowed while 32 ban cellphone usage by novice drivers, while 39 have banned texting and driving. It is worth noting that more states have banned texting while driving than taking and receiving calls by both seasoned and novice drivers; this is because with time people are realizing how fatal the simple action of sending a text can be. Ironically, the texts are often inconsequential messages that were not necessarily urgent such as a discussion about what one had for lunch or sharing jokes; thus it begs the question whether such trivial interactions are worth risking life and limb. Texting while driving has been proven seriously impair the drivers reaction speed on road, considering that drivers often have to make s plit second decisions which at time involve life and death, this poses a consummate risk to themselves and other or road user in their way. Consider a study carried out at the Texas Transportation Institute; 42 drivers were asked to drive while texting on an 11 mile test track and they were required to stop when they saw a flashing light, the experiment was also done when they were not texting. The researchers recorded the reaction times in the different cases, and according to this study, drivers

The way that law interacts with law enforcement Essay

The way that law interacts with law enforcement - Essay Example Criminal Justice System â€Å"A criminal justice system is a set of legal and social institutions for enforcing the criminal law in accordance with a defined set of procedural rules and limitations.† â€Å"The phrase criminal justice system refers to a collection of federal, state, and local public agencies that deal with the crime problem. These agencies process suspects, defendants, and convicted offenders and are interdependent insofar as the decisions of one agency affect other agencies. The basic framework of the system is provided by the legislative, judicial, and executive branches of government.† (Kirsten DeBarba) The system consists of the crime, the accused, the courts and then the jail where the accused is sent in case he is found guilty of committing the crime. It is the entire paradigm within which the focus lies on finding out the real culprit of the crime and involves various stages through which the accused is sent in order to determine the real cause of the crime committed. There is a certain criminal law which determines the entirety of the criminal justice system, and it is within the law through which the various bodies within the system work collectively. It has various sub-systems, and this paper shall be focussing on three broad categories and then identify the role of each and every body singularly. The bodies are as follows: 1. Law 2. Courts 3. Jail 4. Police Department 5. Prosecution and the Defence The above are broad categories within which the system is divided, and the paper shall focus on the relationship between law and the courts and jail on a collective basis. The paper shall compare each and every element exclusively with law and how it works in the real world. (What is Law Enforcement) Criminal Law: Let us first examine criminal law to understand the law behind curbing criminal activities, and how do we define such activities in the paradigm of criminal legislations. Criminal law has been designed to seek punish ment for the crimes which are committed by the citizens of the society, and it has a procedure code which allows for a process to take place in the lieu of providing justice. The law is designed in such a way that it allows for all the crimes which might be committed in the society to fall under its ambit. The law is only the beginning when it comes to curbing the crime, where it is just the starting point in the entire procedure to prevent the crime from happening. The law is a code which contains various clauses designed to punish the wrongdoer in each and every circumstance. (Law Enforcement and Crime) â€Å"Criminal law envelops the criminal procedure employed when charging, trying, sentencing and imprisoning defendants convicted of crimes, as well as regulation concerning how suspects are investigated, charged and tried. Criminal law is typically enforced by the government. The state, through a prosecutor, initiates the suit. Some subcategories of criminal law include Substant ive Criminal law; Criminal Procedure; and the special problems and issues arising in administration and enforcement of criminal justice.† (Crime and Law Enforcement) Courts The courts have a very specific role to play while dealing with law in criminal procedure. It is the duty of the court to be unbiased in its judgement and give both the parties a chance to be heard in essence. Courts usually listen to the prosecutor and the defence, and make their judgement

Bereavement and Spiritual Change Essay Example for Free

Bereavement and Spiritual Change Essay This article aims to determine the causal connection between bereavement and a persons decision to effect changes in his spirituality. It is the position of the author that â€Å"bereavement is a life crisis that challenges ones assumptions about human existence and provides the grounds for spiritual change† (Balk, 1999). Methods. To test the hypothesis, the author chose some case examples that illustrate the causal connection between bereavement and spiritual change. These stories show how an extreme life crisis could lead a person to lose hope in life or change his worldview altogether (Balk, 1999). Results. The author concluded that the case studies mentioned in the article show how bereavement, a specific life crisis, could trigger spiritual change in people. He cites â€Å"psychological imbalance or disequilibrium†, which needed a process of reflection to help one stabilize the imbalance. The author likewise concludes that the spiritual change that occurs after bereavement is a result of a person’s spending time in both the loss orientation and the restoration orientation† (Balk, 1999). Baker, J.E. , Sedney, M. A. Gross, E. (1992). Psychological Tasks for Bereaved Children. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry 62(1), 105-116. Purpose. This article is an expository work on the grief process of children. More specifically, it discusses the different stages of the grief process, as illustrated by various models of the process put forward by different scholars (Baker, Sedney Gross, 1992). Methods. This article simply gathered literature on the subject of the grief process of bereaved children. It focused on time-specific tasks that a grieving person should accomplish in order to progress within the grief process. The article likewise provided a case example with a corresponding discussion of how the case illustrated the needs of a grieving child (Baker, Sedney Gross, 1992). Results. The article concluded with a discussion of the implications of using a time-specific model of therapy for bereaved children. It teaches how an assessment at the beginning of the therapy of the accomplished tasks could allow the therapist to determine the next steps for the child. It also pointed out that there is a need for a complete and detailed history of the circumstances or events surrounding the death of a loved one. Such detailed history would be very helpful in predicting obstacles that could be present during the childs bereavement process (Baker, Sedney Gross, 1992). Cooper, C. A. Children’s Dreams During the Grief Process. Purpose. This article focuses on one specific aspect of the grief process in children, namely, dreams. It is based on the theory that dreaming is a therapeutic process, or a way for children to express their feeling of loss and heal. This article aims to determine whether there is an increased frequency of dreaming among grieving children, for a positive answer to this query would support the position that children help in healing themselves after experiencing loss (Cooper). Methods. A total of 272 student- participants were selected from a suburban elementary school. These children belong to the fourth and fifth grades. Out of these students, random selection was made and parental consent was sought. Finally, the number was eventually scaled down to only 39 students composed of both grieving and non-grieving children. After data collection through interviews, data was analyzed through â€Å"a chi-square test procedure, using the Yates correction (Cooper). Results. Data gathered and analyzed led to the conclusion that grieving children had greater dream recall than the other group of non-grieving children. it is believed that this manifests a child’s subconscious effort to heal. Dreams are potentially good venues for children to express their feelings of loss and grief. Thus, while there is dearth in literature dealing with grief and dreams, dream work remains a possible approach for dealing with grieving children (Cooper). Ens, C. Bond, Jr. , J. B. (2005). Death Anxiety and Personal Growth in Adolescents Experiencing the Death of a Grandparent. Death Studies 29, 171-178. Purpose. This article is about the experience by adolescents of the death of a grandparent, including the attendant death anxiety. It recognizes that every person would have a different kind of established relationship with his grandparent, and assumes that some grandparents have a significant influence in the lives of the younger generations in the family. Thus, this article aimed to determine the relationship, if any, between death anxiety and the bereavement process for adolescents (Ens Bond, Jr. , 2005). Methods. Participants in the study consisted of adolescent students from private schools in Canada who experienced the death of a grandparent(s). They were given pen-and-paper questionnaires, which were used to measure death anxiety, using the â€Å"revised Death Anxiety Scale (RDAS)† (Ens Bond, Jr. , 2005). Results. The study showed the relationship between bereavement, death anxiety, many other demographic factors, such as personal growth and gender. Some demographic factors, such as gender, appeared to be non-related to death anxiety among adolescents. However, the authors are not satisfied with the results, for they feel that many other relevant factors, such as ethnicity and socioeconomic status, are left unexplored (Ens Bond, Jr. , 2005). Hass, J. K. Walter, T. (2007). Parental Grief in Three Societies: Networks and Religion as Social Supports in Mourning. OMEGA 54(3), 179-198.

Fuel Systems :: essays research papers

Fuel Systems In this report I will explain the fuel systems in an automobile. I will cover different parts and how they work. First thing to do is explain how the fuel system works. The purpose of the fuel system is to store and supply fuel to the cylinder chamber where it can be mixed with air then vaporized and burned to produce energy. The fuel, which can be either gas or diesel is stored in a fuel tank. A fuel pump draws the fuel from the gas tank through lines and brings it through a fuel filter. Next it goes to either a carburetor or fuel injector and then delivered to the cylinder chamber for combustion. We will start with the fuel tank. A fuel tank comes in many different sizes depending on how much space is available. Most cars and trucks have only one tank but some trucks have two. Fuel tanks can be made of 3 different things. These are pressed corrosion-resistant steel, aluminum, or molded reinforced polyethylene plastic. The fuel tank has internal baffles or surge plates to prevent the fuel from sloshing back and forth. If you hear splashing in the tank on acceleration or deceleration, this means that the baffles could be broken. All tanks have a fuel filler pipe, a fuel outlet line to the engine and a vent system. All catalytic converter cars are equipped with a filler pipe restrictor so that leaded fuel, which is dispensed from a thicker nozzle, cannot be introduced into the fuel system. All modern fuel tanks include devices that prevent vapors from leaving the tank. All fuel tank designs provide some control of fuel height when the tank is filled. This is achieved by using ve nt lings within the filler tube or tank. With this design only 90% of the tank is ever full, leaving 10% for expansion. Some vehicles have a over filling limiting valve to prevent overfilling of the tank. Fuel is drawn from the tank by an in-tank or chassis-mounted fuel pump. The fuel pump is the device that draws the fuel from the fuel tank through the fuel lines, to the fuel filter and then to the engine’s carburetor or injectors. There are two types of fuel pumps: mechanical and electrical. The mechanical fuel pump is bolted on the side of the engine block or on the side of the cover of the timing gear.

Globalization of the world Essay

Cosmetic surgery is one of surgical and medical techniques to improve physical appearances. It is reserving normal appearance, repairing it or enhancing it exceeds the usual physical looks with regard to some aesthetic essence. A shocking data shows that a lot of teenagers, 18-and-unders, had gone under the knife. According to the American Society of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgeons (ASPS), more than 219,000 cosmetic procedures were done on patients aged 18 and younger in 2008 (Mann, 2011). Todays society really concerns about this issue since the age of 18 and under are considered still too young to do procedures. Nowadays, it is very common to have a cosmetic surgery done in order to improve and enhance physical appearances or any other so-called imperfections. People choose to go under the knife as an easy way out. Nips and tucks are apparently increasing everywhere. The top 7 countries with most cosmetic surgery are: South Korea, Greece, Italy, Brazil, Colombia, The USA, and Taiwan (Conley, 2012). In South Korea, 41.1 percent of teens are willing to do plastic surgery for beauty. They have a desire to look better; it even can be an obsession. Many kids at the age of 14 would like to have an â€Å"eye jobs†, a surgery to have bigger eyes, as their graduation gift from their parents (Dubroff, 2011). In the United States of America, those teenagers who are unhappy and not satisfied with their physical looks choose to change them permanently through the risky and dangerous cosmetic surgery (Mann, 2001). In 2009, about 8,000 girls age 13 to 19 had their breasts enlarged last year, accordi ng to the American Society of Plastic Surgeons. And 2,953 of them were age 18 and younger (Thompson, 2010). After going through so many frightening news about teenagers with their obsessions to look good until they choose cosmetic surgery and the dangers that can come along, the society starts questioning, should cosmetic surgery be banned among teenagers, 18-and-under? This question has resulted in dissimilar views on this issue and certainly causes a series of arguments from both sides of the stand. The purpose of this research is to show that cosmetic surgery should indeed be banned among teenagers due to its danger and teenagers are unaware to evaluate risks. Moreover, at young age, teenagers should focus on school and their future. Having cosmetic surgery done for unnecessary reasons is non-essential. This report will clearly point out why cosmetic surgery should be banned among teenagers by providing several evidences to reinforce this belief. 2.0 BODY OF REPORT 2.1 Cosmetic Surgery is Highly Dangerous Going under the knife is very risky and dangerous, but people don’t seem to be aware nor take into consideration about the danger. Psychologists and surgeons are afraid that many patients do not completely understand and know the potential risks of the operations (Sheng, 2012). Cosmetic surgery and its risks and dangers come in one package, so it is prominent for those who are thinking to go under the knife to acknowledge them. The major risk or danger that are associated with cosmetic surgery is that pain and discomfort (Zemanta, 2013). Even though not every cosmetic surgery procedure leads to lack of physical comfort and ache, but many of them do. Although the patients’ ache and discomfort can be treated with pain medicines that they can get without prescription or an ice pack, it may disturb the patients’ daily activities. Moreover, the pain may be really painful that those teenagers cannot bear and end up won’t not be able to come to school to study. The chance that complication may be the result of cosmetic surgery is another danger (Zemanta, 2013). Most patients do not necessarily consider that complications may arise. When anesthesia is given to a patient, there is a possibility that the anesthesia used to put the patient to sleep for the procedure, could give a reaction to the patient (Palmer, 2006). Even though this happens relatively rare, it’s able to be life-threatening and even deadly. One famous case is the death of Kanye West’s Mother. She actually died from the anesthesia (Adato, 2007). Another certain thing that teenagers should know about what can happen if they are undergoing cosmetic surgery is, at the age of 18 and below, the body has not yet matured to its final shape (Mann, 2011). Procedures like breast enlargement, liposuction, and breast reduction are surgeries that should wait until reaching adulthood. Until 18, breasts might not be fully-grown, and saline-filled breast implants (the type typically used for cosmetic enhancements) aren’t even permitted for under-18s (DiscoveryHealth.com, 2012). Having cosmetic surgery at young age may give them more risks. The scariest risk a patient should take into his/her consideration to have a cosmetic surgery procedure is death. Cosmetic surgery has been proven a killer. One of the famous cases is Stephanie Kuleba’s case. She was a pretty and popular girl who went for a breast augmentation. She died after suffering from the complications (Rivero, 2008). 1 in 1000 cosmetic surgery procedures in the United State of America results in complications, which lead to everlasting injury. Studies show that 7 to 12 percent of cosmetic surgery patients die from the procedure. 20 percent of patients suffer from injection and bleeding (Top 10 Hidden Dangers Of Cosmetic Surgery, n.d.). Hence, teenagers should be aware that cosmetic surgery is not as safe as most people believe it to be. Although the risks and dangers that come together with cosmetic surgery have been known, there are quite a number of people who are confident that cosmetic surgery is becoming safer and safer due to the increasingly strict policies and the improvement in technology (McGilchrist, 2011). They claim that todays regulations and policies for such operation are becoming more strict so it can only be done by professionals thus it is able to minimize the danger. Conversely, this argument is not completely true. The data and survey are shown and it only shows less than 25%, but it is still a big deal. There is always that chance to become a cosmetic surgery death statistic. The American Society of Plastic Surgeons is strongly against the idea of teenagers younger than 18 undergo plastic surgery (Rivero, 2008). From every aspect, regardless to nowadays-cosmetic surgery’s safety that is becoming safer so there will be less risks and dangers, cosmetic surgery among teenagers is still a high-risk and dangerous thing. The evidence in this research obviously shows that there are a lot of teenagers have to suffer the bleeding and other complications that can lead them to the death after undergoing cosmetic surgery. A teenager’s live and future are priceless and worth more than $3,500 cosmetic surgery. 2.2 Teenagers Are Unaware of Evaluating Risks Teen or adolescence is a transitional stage of physical and psychological human development (Merriam-Webster, 2012). It is the stage when a teenager is too mature to be called and treated as a kid yet too young to be called as an adult. Teens are also known to be reckless, moody, impulsive, insecure, rebellious, and argumentative (Pickrell, 2006). They might think they are mature enough to make any decisions for themselves but sadly sometimes teenagers do not think further regarding the consequences of their actions. There is a high peer pressure that boosts them to be unafraid of doing risky things just to fit it and be accepted. Going through having doubts and insecurities about their body image is also a part of growing up that most teenagers experience. The society puts a huge significance on physical attractiveness (Wansbrough, 2013). Peer pressure to look â€Å"normal† and â€Å"good† is the driving force teens are interested in cosmetic surgery (Keyes, 2011). Britanni, a girl who had her breast implants on the age of 18 said â€Å"I didn’t have large breasts when I was younger, and all my friends did†¦I felt very self conscious about it.† (Wallace, 2012). 67% of average 14 years of age girls quizzed said the pressure is from boys and celebrities with perfect bodies (BBC News, 2005). Ms Horton said that the infinite parade of thin yet curvy, surgically-enhanced celebrities has made young girls obsessed with their own normal lumpy, bumpy bodies. More over, boys’ expectations on their girlfriends to look like the perfect celebrity body model are also the pressures (BBC News, 2005). Todays society introduces the miracle-makers as known as cosmetic surgery to teens at a young age as seeing the fact that according to the American Society for Aesthetic Plastic Surgery, there are more than 223,000 cosmetic procedures were performed on patients whose age were between thirteen to eighteen years old for example; breast augmentation, liposuction, breast lifts, tummy tucks, and nose reshaping (Olding & Zuckerman, 2004). It is undeniable, teen cosmetic surgery is on the rise. Unfortunately, the idea of having good physical appearance by going under the knife is not coupled by considering and evaluating the risks. Youngsters are not alert to the undeniable lasting health consequences of smoking, drinking alcohol, tanning and other dangerous behaviors, and nor likely to aware of the risks of cosmetic surgery (Keyes, 2011). They only see the magical outcome of cosmetic surgery as seen on celebrities on the cover of glossy magazines with their perfect breast, bottoms, lips, n ose, eyes and everything (BBC News, 2005). They likely do not take into account the danger and risks of cosmetic surgery. They would likely to only believe that cosmetic surgery is the only way out to obtain physical perfection as the society ‘demand’. They are unable to evaluate risks as well as an adult. The scientists discovered that the teen’s brain is more sensitive to the rewarding indicators it gets when something better than expected happens. A nerve-signaling molecule that helps the brain in processing rewards and can be involved in addictions is called dopamine. The more dopamine flowing in the brain, the more likely a teenager to feel a risky behavior is more rewarding if it ends well, than it might seem to a child or adult (Discovery, 2013). However, some parties are against this idea. They claim that teenagers have every right to do whatever they want to do with their bodies. They should be able to make their own decision. To some extend, yes this is true. As humans, teenagers have the freedom to do anything as they please, but when it comes to do cosmetic surgery procedures, there are a lot to take into consideration as it will affect their physical looks permanently. The outcomes of cosmetic surgery are also various (BBC News, 2005). It can be just as what they expected but also can be far from their expectations. Cosmetic surgery is a big deal and teenagers are not reliable enough to make the decision. Teenagers are greatly affected by what they see in the media. They undergo unnecessary cosmetic surgeries to achieve the Barbie standard, but sometimes resulting in regret. In 2003, it was estimated that fifteen percent of teenage cosmetic surgeries in the US was due to misinformed decisions (Olding & Zuckerman, 2004). Hence, it’s clearly shown from the facts, cosmetic surgery should be banned because many teenagers are unaware of evaluating the risks. Thus, a ban on teenagers of 18 and below should be put into place. 2.3 Teenagers Should Focus On Their Future Teen is the stage where the future is based on because in this stage teenagers are on their pursuit of anything they want to be. Most teenagers have goals to be achieved someday in the future. Achieving those goals and making dreams come true are more important and useful instead of enhancing physical appearances, which only skin deep. The significance of education can be explained very easy. Without education, it is difficult for human beings to survive properly. Through education, one’s potential can be utilized to maximum extent. Education teaches men how to make decision, how to work properly, and how to think. Through education alone can make separate identity. It became a necessity just like foods, clothes, and shelter. It is very usual for teenagers to wonder how their career will be. In the future, most people want to own a car, a house, and have family. Each of these things would not be easy to afford on a minimum wage salary. Many drop-outs have earned minimum wage and live just above the poverty line (Bloom & Haskins, 2010). Therefore, through higher education, people will be brought to a bigger career opportunities and a higher payroll. Education is a productive and beneficial aspect in one’s life. The training of a human mind is not complete without education. All these facts clearly shows that there are many other things that are more important to be concerned about instead of enhancing physical appearances. Moreover, plastic surgery, just like drugs, alcohol, and cigarettes, it can be addictive especially if a patient starts at a young age (Pruitt, 2009). According to Tom Horvath, addiction is marked by three fundamental symptoms: repeated involvement in an activity; an act brought on by cravings; and one done despite negative consequences (Rettner, 2010). Most patients who have undergone cosmetic surgery and had a good outcome would most likely to go for another procedures hence it becomes continual. This could probably lead to even more demand for a nip here and a tuck there (Pruitt, 2009). One thing that most teenagers tend to forget these days is beauty is only skin-deep. What’s within them, which is their personality are more important than the physical looks. Beauty cannot be quantified or objectively measured; it is the result of the judgments of others. The concept is difficult to define, as it is equated with different, sometimes contradictory, ideas. When people are asked to define beauty, they tend to mention abstract, personal qualities rather than external, quantifiable ones (Freedman, 1986; Hatfield & Sprecher, 1986). Beauty ideals are created and maintained by society’s elite (Saltzberg & Chrisler, 1995). This does not mean that physical looks are not important, but this means that it’s not the most important thing and many other things are more important than that. Thus, it is wiser to concern more about the future than the physical looks. Hence, cosmetic surgery should be banned among teenagers. 3.0 RECOMMENDATION Look at how critical this issue at hand is, what the government should do is to establish age limitation to undergo plastic surgery. This plastic surgery refers to the unnecessary one not the reconstructive plastic surgery. Hence, only those who are ready physically and mentally can undergo cosmetic surgery procedures. Moreover, after going through so many researches, the root of teen’s cosmetic surgery has been discovered. It is low self-esteem due to society pressure on physical looks. Thus, creating a platform where teenagers are encouraged to showcase their skills and talents is important. Such skills and talents eventually will be an asset that they are proud of. Instead of being acknowledged by their peers through their looks, they could actually gain the acknowledgment through their achievement. In a nutshell, these achievements will replace the needs to polish their appearance in particular by having cosmetic surgery. Moreover, teenagers also should be educated how scary and dangerous the dangers of cosmetic surgery that’s why it requires a lot of thinking and taking all consequences into account when making decision to go under the knife. 4.0 CONCLUSION As it can clearly be seen, teen cosmetic surgery is highly dangerous and risky as the patient has a great possibility to suffer from bleeding and complications after doing the procedures. This may cause them to lose their lives. Moreover, teenagers are likely unrealistic decision makers because they do not take into account further bad possibilities that may occur from post cosmetic surgery. Nevertheless, as a teenager, one should focus and be putting their concentration on building up their future and achieving long-term goals instead of enhancing their physical appearances. Thus, it is prominent to ban unnecessary cosmetic surgery among teenagers. Although there is a great improvement in technology and teenagers have their rights to do anything they want to do, there are still many possibilities a patient to die from the procedures. So, it is wiser to give the teenagers some kind of protection by banning teen cosmetic surgery. References BBC News. (2005). 40% of teens want plastic surgery. Retrieved from http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/health/4147961.stm Bloom, D. & Haskins, R. 2010. Helping High School Drop-Outs Improve Their Prospect. Retrieved from http://www.brookings.edu/research/papers/2010/04/27-helping-dropouts-haskins Conley, Mikaela. (2012). Nip/Tuck Nations: 7 Countries with Most Cosmetic Surgery. Retrieved from http://abcnews.go.com/Health/niptuck-nations-countries-cosmetic-surgery/story?id=16205231 Discovery. (2013). Teen brain wired to take risks. Retrieved from http://news.discovery.com/human/teenager-brain-risky-behavior.htm DiscoveryHealth.com Writers. (n.d.). Are teens too young to go under the